The prospect of actionable prevention is becoming increasingly compelling, as demonstrated by the remarkable progress achieved in Multiple sclerosis (MS). This year's Annual Scientific Congress of the Italian MS Society and its Foundation, which took place 25-26 May 2026 in Rome, discussed the growing conviction that MS should be increasingly perceived as a preventable disease. Advances in understanding the etiology of MS have been crucial, in particular mounting evidence of the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) being a causal factor, and Vitamin D deficiency an important contributor to MS risk. Recent research has further demonstrated that genetic susceptibility, vitamin D receptor pathway, and EBV do not operate independently, but form interconnected biological networks. Intervening effectively in one critical component of this network may have cascading effects across the entire disease pathway. NeuroCentury’s Paweł Świeboda spoke about the MS experience as a blueprint for preventive strategies in brain health and brain economy. Achievements in MS diagnosis and treatment are already a point of reference for the entire brain health space because the curve of disorder is being bent, which is not the case in many other areas. The reasons are manifold – better understanding of the malfunction of the immune system of people living with MS, learning from past clinical trials, advances in formulation, delivery mechanisms, and care models, and crucially: shift towards early treatment – flipping the paradigm – where patients are treated at the onset of the disease with high efficacy treatments, rather than waiting for advanced symptoms. Across the field, the role of patients has been entirely vital, with participation in clinical research and co-shaping of care